Last Updated on 2023-06-20
即便有健康保險,也要注意避免掉入承保陷阱。
Noncoverage
很多保險看起來都有不錯的Deductible、Copayment、Coinsurance,但一切前提要在保險給付項目(Coverage)裡面!
便宜的醫療保險通常有大量不給付條文。
切記一分錢一分貨
不承保條文範例
- Elective Surgery or Elective Treatment
- Treatment for an injury or sickness caused or contributed by the voluntary use of alcohol, illegal drugs or any drugs…
- Regular health checkups, immunizations, vaccinations, routine physical or other examination where there are no objective indications of impairment in normal health
- Practice or play in any amateur, club, intramural, interscholastic, intercollegiate, professional or semiprofessional sports contest, competition or exhibition
- Services provided normally without charge by the Health Service of the institution attended by the Insured or services covered or provided by a student health fee
- Medical expenses resulting from a motor vehicle accident…
- Charges which are in excess of usual, reasonable and customary charges
- Charges that are not medically necessary
- Injury sustained while taking part in any of the following: mountaineering or mountain climbing (where ropes or guides are used); hang gliding, glider flying, or flight in any kind of aircraft; skydiving; parachuting; bungee jumping; base jumping; racing by horse, motor vehicle or motorcycle; snowmobiling; motorcycle/motor scooter riding; scuba diving, involving underwater breathing apparatus, unless PADI or NAUI certified; snorkeling; water skiing; jet skiing; snow skiing; spelunking; sail planning or parasailing; white water rafting; surfing; and snowboarding
Out-of-network
美國Out-of-network的給付流程主要採取先付款後報銷模式。保險公司可因未涵蓋項目、非醫療必要或超出Allowed Amount等因素拒絕給付。
Balance billing
醫療提供者向患者索取醫療服務定價與保險負擔金額的差額,主要發生在Out-of-network。由於Out-of-network醫院並未與保險公司簽約,當收費金額超過保險計劃為該醫療服務支付的最高金額(即Allowed Amount),將須自行負擔多餘部分,稱之為Balance Billing。
Surprise billing
如果投保人獲得非預期的Balance billing,稱為Surprise billing。Surprise billing通常發生在前往In-network facility看診但無意間接受Out-of-network醫療人員的醫療服務。即使在In-network的醫院看診,但並代表每個在該醫院提供服務的醫生都是In-network。 例如:接受手術前要確保外科醫生是In-network。
No Surprises Act
No Surprises Act自2022.01.01起生效,旨在避免投保人收到Surprise bill,包含緊急醫療以及In-network醫院、門診手術中心獲取的醫療服務。從雇主、Marketplace®或直接從保險公司購買的個人健康保險,均受到No Surprises Act保護。在符合規定的In-network facility看診,禁止部分醫療服務(例如麻醉、病理、放射科等)Balance billing,其餘醫療人員(例如外科醫師)除非獲取患者書面同意並放棄法案保護,否則患者不需負擔Balance bill。但為了避免繁瑣的法律糾紛,仍建議注意是否接受的醫療服務皆在In-network底下。
Preauthorization
預授權,又稱Precertification、Prior approval。在接受部分醫療措施、手術前需要獲得保險公司的授權。雖然未提交預授權並不會一定導致被拒絕理賠,但獲取預授權可避免不可預期的醫療費用。
須預授權項目
- 非緊急況住院、手術、救護運輸
- 耐用醫療設備(Durable Medical Equipment,例如拐杖、輪椅)
- 處方藥提前補充
- 緊急情況住院須一定時間內(通常是48小時內)向保險公司補提出Preauthorization。
預授權審查內容
- 驗證是否有資格獲得保險理賠
- 審查診斷和治療計劃、評估護理在醫學上是否必要和適當
- 授權護理並為住院患者安排適當的住院時間
預授權責任
通常In-network的預授權是醫療提供者的責任,而Out-of-network的預授權是投保人的責任。
如果In-network的預授權被保險公司拒絕,投保人是不需要負擔在收到通知前的醫療費用。相反,如果Out-of-network的預授權被保險公司拒絕,投保人需要自行負擔所有費用,自行評估是否接受該項醫療服務或尋找替代方案。